![]() ![]() For many indications, sulfonamides have been replaced by safer, and in some cases, more efficacious alternatives. Available data suggests a low risk of cross-allergenicity between sulfonamide antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial agents.Īs one of the earliest developed antimicrobial classes, sulfonamides have proven utility for a variety of infectious diseases. Rechallenge and desensitization strategies may be appropriate for patients with delayed maculopapular eruptions, while alternative treatment options may be prudent for more severe reactions. ![]() ![]() For patients with an indication for a sulfonamide antimicrobial with a listed allergy, it is important for healthcare practitioners to adequately assess the allergic reaction to determine appropriate management. Data suggest that substitutions at the N 1 and N 4 positions are the primary determinants of drug allergy instead of the common sulfonamide moiety. The potential for cross-reactivity of allergies to sulfonamide antimicrobials with nonantimicrobial sulfonamide medications is also reviewed. This article describes the incidence, manifestations, and risk factors associated with sulfonamide allergies. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dermatologic reactions to sulfonamide antimicrobial agents occur 10 to 20 times more frequently compared to immunocompetent patients. Sulfonamide allergies can result in various physical manifestations however, rash is reported as the most frequently observed. In the general population, approximately 3–8% of patients are reported to experience a sulfonamide allergy. As one of the earliest developed antimicrobial classes, sulfonamides remain important therapeutic options for the empiric and definitive treatment of various infectious diseases. ![]()
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